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Author: Admin | 2025-04-28
2.5 m, and the number of grid points is 81. The proposed GEWOA discretized by a V-shaped transfer function is used to design on-grid arrays. In order to validate the superiority of the proposed GEWOA, three intelligence algorithms, including GA, PSO, and WOA, are compared with GEWOA.The beampatterns of 40-element on-grid arrays and iterative process are shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14, respectively. The PSLLs of GA, PSO, WOA, and GEWOA are −14.90, −15.10, −15.66, and −17.14 dB, respectively. It can be seen that the on-grid array designed using GEWOA obtains the lowest PSLL, which proves the advantage of the GEWOA in terms of the global search capability.The proposed array design method, including the off-grid array design method and on-grid array design method, are successfully applied to the large-scale low-frequency arrays (256-element) design, and the obtained arrays have low PSLL. The beampatterns of the designed arrays and iterative process are shown in Figure 15 and Figure 16, respectively. The results show that the PSLLs of the off-grid array and the on-grid array obtained by the proposed methods are −27.71 and −21.47 dB, which verifies the feasibility of the algorithm in large-scale low-frequency array design.In order to compare the performance of the proposed method with typical configuration arrays, such as coprime arrays and nested arrays, three different arrays were designed at the same aperture and the same number of elements. The 40-element on-grid array was designed using the proposed method. The nested array has three levels of nesting. The first level is a 20-element uniform array with half-wavelength element spacing. The second level of nesting is a 10-element uniform array with a wavelength element spacing. The third level of nesting is a 10-element uniform array with two times wavelength element spacing.To ensure the same aperture, the 40-element coprime array was
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